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In the field of iron and steel production, the superiority of steel deoxidizing process directly determines the purity and comprehensive performance of steel. Traditional single deoxidizer is gradually difficult to meet the demand of high-end steel production due to functional limitations, and calcium-silicon aluminum composite deoxidizer is becoming the focus of innovation in the metallurgical industry by virtue of the synergistic effect of multiple elements.
This article will comprehensively analyze this key metallurgical material from the dimensions of component properties, application advantages and industrial practice.
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Silicon aluminum calcium composite deoxidizer is a kind of multi-element alloy material designed for steel making process, its core composition is silicon (55%-65%), aluminum (20%-30%) and calcium (5%-10%), through the quartz, alumina, limestone and carbonaceous reductant in the electric furnace in the high temperature melting reaction.
This material has two significant properties.Low melting point and fast melting: Compared with single deoxidizer, its melting point is lower and it can be melted quickly in the molten steel, forming a strong reducing atmosphere and effectively inhibiting the oxidation of metal elements.
Multiple alloy forms: the product exists in the form of granules, lumps or wires, which is easy to be accurately dosed according to the smelting equipment (e.g., electric furnace, converter, intermediate frequency furnace).
Silicon aluminum calcium composite deoxidizer is suitable for the production of various steel grades, such as HRB235, HRB335, and HRB400.
Silicon aluminum calcium composite deoxidizer breaks the functional limitations of a single deoxidizer and realizes the integrated operation of deoxidation, desulfurization, phosphorus and grain refinement. For example, calcium reacts with sulfur to generate calcium sulfide (CaS), which can reduce the sulfur content of steel to less than 0.01%, effectively solving the negative impact of sulfur on the hot working performance of steel.
For stainless steel, low carbon steel and other steel grades with extremely high purity requirements, its comprehensive purification effect is significantly better than that of traditional products such as aluminum wire and calcium silicate, which significantly improves the yield rate.
From the point of view of production cost, the high efficiency of calcium silica-aluminum can shorten the smelting cycle - the rapid slag formation characteristic reduces the residence time of liquid steel in the furnace, and reduces the electricity consumption by about 10%-15%; at the same time, a single additive replaces a variety of deoxidizers, which reduces the cost of raw material inventory and artificial dosing.
The high impurity slag generated by the traditional deoxidation process requires special treatment, while calcium silicate aluminum can reduce the generation of solid waste by more than 30% through efficient deoxidation and desulfurization.
In addition, its low energy consumption is highly compatible with the trend of low-carbon steelmaking, which helps steel enterprises to reduce carbon emissions and is in line with the development of global green manufacturing.
Calcium-silicon aluminum composite deoxidizer is an indispensable auxiliary material in the steelmaking process, especially suitable for many forms of steelmaking such as converter steelmaking. Its core function is to remove the dissolved oxygen in the steel water and reduce the generation of oxidized inclusions (such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO), so as to significantly improve the purity and quality of steel.
Compared with single-element deoxidizers (e.g., pure silicon and aluminum), calcium-silicon aluminum composite deoxidizers have stronger deoxidation ability and faster reaction speed, which can quickly combine with oxygen in the steel water to form low melting point slags. These slags are easy to float and remove, reducing the risk of inclusions remaining in the steel, and are particularly suitable for the production of high-quality steels such as pipeline steel, bearing steel and electrical steel.
In addition to deoxidizing, the composite deoxidizer can also regulate the composition, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in steel.
Improvement of inclusions morphology: High melting point, angular oxides (e.g. Al₂O₃) are converted into low melting point, spherical calcium-aluminum-silicate inclusions. This modification improves the liquidity of the steel in the casting process, reduces the problem of water mouth clogging in the continuous casting process, and at the same time reduces the risk of cracks caused by inclusions in the steel, and improves its mechanical properties and processability.
Application Scenario: In the production of high-end steel sensitive to inclusions (such as aerospace steel, precision machinery steel), calcium-silicon aluminum composite deoxidizer's inclusions modification function is particularly important.
Calcium silica-aluminum composite deoxidizer can be added as an alloying element to the molten steel to accurately adjust the chemical composition of the steel:
Elemental supplementation: Key elements such as silicon, aluminum and calcium are introduced into the molten steel to meet the compositional requirements of different steel grades. For example, silicon improves the strength of structural steel, aluminum enhances the oxidation resistance of steel, and calcium improves the cutting and machining properties of steel.
Uniformity and stability: Due to its uniform and stable composition, it can realize uniform distribution of alloying elements during the addition process, avoiding differences in steel properties caused by fluctuations in composition, and is especially suitable for the production of special steel grades (such as stainless steel and low alloy steel) with high requirements for compositional accuracy.
In the casting field, calcium-silicon aluminum composite deoxidizer is also of great value:
Optimization of casting quality: effectively removing oxygen in iron water, reducing casting defects such as porosity and slag entrapment, improving casting density and surface quality, and reducing scrap rate.
Process adaptability: applicable to sand casting, metal casting and other processes, especially in the production of large steel castings or complex structure castings, can significantly improve the casting success rate and production efficiency.
Silicon aluminum calcium composite deoxidizer application also brings significant environmental and cost advantages:
Environmental protection benefits: replacing the traditional high impurity ferroalloy deoxidizer, reducing the amount of slag produced in the smelting process, reducing the impact of solid waste on the environment, in line with the development trend of green metallurgy.
High efficiency and energy saving: powerful deoxidizing efficiency reduces the consumption of single-element deoxidizer, shortens the residence time of molten steel in the furnace, improves production efficiency and reduces energy consumption.
Process Simplification: Integrating deoxidation, desulfurization and alloying functions, it reduces the use of multiple additives, simplifies the process flow, and lowers the cost of raw materials and operation.
Silicon aluminum calcium composite deoxidizer is not only a functional material in the steelmaking process, but also an epitome of modern metallurgical technology upgrading. Its multi-element synergistic mechanism, efficient purification capacity and green economic characteristics are promoting the steel production to “purer, more efficient and more sustainable” direction.
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